NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is an essential coenzyme present in all living cells, playing a critical role in metabolism and overall cellular function. It serves as a key player in redox reactions, switching between its oxidized form (NAD⁺) and its reduced counterpart (NADH) to enable electron transfer — a process fundamental to energy production and sustaining life. Involved in more than 500 enzyme-driven reactions, NAD⁺ is crucial for maintaining cellular balance and health.
 
Research has linked NAD⁺ to enhanced muscle performance, neuroprotection, and potential anti-aging effects. Beyond its role in metabolism, NAD⁺ also contributes to DNA repair and gene expression regulation. It fuels enzymes like sirtuins and PARPs: sirtuins help control vital processes such as DNA maintenance, stress response, and aging, while PARPs are responsible for repairing damaged DNA and preserving genomic stability. Together, these functions highlight NAD⁺’s significance in protecting cellular integrity and promoting longevity.